FOUNDATION KATA: Kihon “Basic” and Fukyu “Fundamental“ kata

 

Kihon Ippon
Kihon Nihon
Kihon Sanbon

Fukyu no Kata

 

The Kihon Kata are basic form drills done in a straight line pattern moving forward on offensive and backward on defensive. These training kata were added by Hanshi Nakazato to the syllabus.

 

NAIHANCHI KATA: “Defending your ground” or “Staying (standing) and Fighting”

 

Naihanchi Shodan
Naihanchi Nidan
Naihanchi Sandan

 

It is known that the first two katas were practiced as one single kata by Master Sokon “Bushi” Matsumura around 1825. It was handed down to him from earlier times. This kata was the favourite of Master Itosu (1830 – 1915). He is said to have modified Shodan and Nidan and developed Naihanchi Sandan.

 

PINAN KATA: “Peaceful mind”

 

Pinan Shodan ('first' pinan)
Pinan Nidan ('second' pinan)
Pinan Sandan ('third' pinan)
Pinan Yondan ('fourth' pinan)
Pinan Godan ('fifth' pinan)

The second word in each kata name denotes which Pinan it is. They were developed by the great Shuri Te master Yasutsune “Anko” Itosu. Itosu developed these forms as part of the physical education program in Okinawan schools. He found that kids could benefit greatly from karate but had to break it down into a simpler form.

There is some debate over which kata influenced the Pinans the most. It is widely accepted that the forms Kusanku (Kanku Dai) and Channan were the true source. Kusanku is still widely practiced but Channan has been lost to history.

 

PASSAI KATA: "Entering / Penetrating the fortress"

 

Passai Sho
Passai Dai

 

Sokon Matsumura taught Anko Itosu Passai Kata. It is believed that Matsumura was taught Passai by his instructor Master Sakugawa and that Master Sakugawato learned the Passai Kata in China. The floating hand techniques are very similar to the movements of Tai Chi Chuan. There are other similarities in the shifting of body weight in light stances. Passai was a favorite kata of the Tomari-Te masters.Today there are two major versions of Passai that exist and they are called Passai Sho which is ltosu Passai and Passai Dai which is Matsumura Passai.

 

KUSANKU KATA: Named in honour of Kusanku

 

Kusanku Sho
Kusanku Dai

In 1756 a Chinese military envoy named Kusanku was sent to Okinawa. He was a skilled Kempo master famous for his fighting skills. Although Kusanku never taught this kata, his best techniques were combined into this kata by his followers. There are two main lineages for the kata called Chatan Yara No Kusanku and Sakugawa No Kusanku. Sakugawa No Kusanku was developed by Master Sakugawa based on his instruction from Kusanku. Sakugawa taught this version to Sokon “Bushi” Matsumura. This lineage was further divided into two other forms of the kata, Kusanku Dai and Kusanku Sho.

 

CHINTO: "Fighting towards the east"

 

The history of this kata is vague - legend says that this kata was brought to Okinawa by Chinto, a shipwrecked Chinese sailor. The kata was likely created by Bushi Matsumura (1797-1884) and was based on the techniques he learned from Chinto.

 

GOJUSHIHO: “Fifty four Movements”

 

Gojushiho is of Chinese origin. Sokon "Bushi" Matsumura (1797-1889) is credited with the version now practiced in Shorin-ryu Karate. Gojushiho translates as "54 Steps" - implying that fifty-four techniques are involved in the kata.

 

GORIN: “ 5 Rings”

 

To commemorate the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, Nakazato Shugoro, Hanshi created the Gorin kata, which was performed by members of the Rengokai from Shorin-Ryu, Goju-Ryu, Uechi-Ryu and Isshin-Ryu.